North Aegean Stories

Allilodiplografia

A peek into the “Book of Letters” of Kralis X” Anagnostis, by Mariza Krallis

Leafing through a rare document from the Mariza Krallis archive, dating to 1839–1855 (the early days of the Ottoman reforms of the Tanzimat era), reveals a unique source for the study of networks, commercial and social relations, as well as economic conditions of this late period in the Ottoman history of the island of Lesvos.

This bound notebook contains handwritten copies of the correspondence of Kralis X” Anagnostis (known from another story in the Aegean Stories Vault, as a member of the Molyvos council of elders and as a merchant). Kralis’ “Book of Letters”, bears an embossed seal with an inscription in Ottoman script on the back cover that reads: “defter-i mahmulbere” (loosely translated: “Book of written material”) and reveals the character of the notebook as organised archival material.

Approximately 400 pages (200 leaves) in length, the book includes copies of Krali’s letters, each page containing several entries.

The recipients of the letters (both identifiable and unknown names of the time) inhabit a wide geographical area, from Molyvos and Agia Parakeri on the island of Lesvos, to Kymeri (Kemer), Freneli, Nazli, Zeytinli, Kydonies, Adramytion, Karaağaç on the Anatolian shores facing the island, all the way to Constantinople, and Smyrna. These book entries testify to the vibrant and multifaceted communication between these places and reflect the dense commercial and social networks of the time.

 

A striking feature of the book is the recording of the name of each letter-carrier (vertically, on the side of each letter), which offers insights into the logistics of communication networks at the time.

Kralis addresses his correspondents as: “my son, brother, friend, master, honourable and glorious”, revealing family ties, friendships and partnerships, that reflect the culture, social relations, commercial transactions and economy of the place.

This manuscript is not only a tool for recording correspondence, but also a valuable document that plots personal and family relationships drawn from the “micro-history” of the place onto the “macro-history” of a wider area in the era of the Tanzimat reforms.

Next to this record of correspondence we find a book titled: “Hallilodiplographia – i.e. commercial handbook on a merchant’s correspondence and on his double-entry records ” [1] dating to 1837. This manual was published in Vienna and was one of the prominent accounting textbooks during the early days of the Greek state. Its presence in Molyvos speaks of the ways in which knowledge and expertise seeped into the Greek communities of the Ottoman world from the lands of the fledgling Greek state.

Its place in the archival material, which is under scrutiny by the curators of the KFL archive, suggests that the keeping of meticulous records and copies of exchanged letters was part of Kralis X” Anagnostis mercantile practice. Such practice is also outlined in chapter I of the aforementioned book, titled: “Book of Letters or Copies of Epistles”. A note on the book itself suggests that it was purchased in 1863 as an instructional manual on bookkeeping for Kralis X” Anagnostis’ son, Ioannis Kralis.

All in all, the “Book of Letters” of Kralis X” Anagnostis and further detailed study of and research on such materials can offer a rare glimpse on an era that balanced delicately on the cusp between tradition and change.

[1] Harisis P., ΑΛΛΗΛΟΔΙΠΛΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ – ΗΤΟΙ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΚΟΝ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΛΛΗΛΟΓΡΑΦΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΜΠΟΡΟΥ, ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΔΙΠΛΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, Editing and expense: Constantine Olympios Garpolas, Vienna, Austria 1837.